OpenDTU/lib/Frozen/frozen/bits/pmh.h
2023-12-10 14:57:05 +01:00

255 lines
8.9 KiB
C++

/*
* Frozen
* Copyright 2016 QuarksLab
*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
* software distributed under the License is distributed on an
* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
* KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
* specific language governing permissions and limitations
* under the License.
*/
// inspired from http://stevehanov.ca/blog/index.php?id=119
#ifndef FROZEN_LETITGO_PMH_H
#define FROZEN_LETITGO_PMH_H
#include "frozen/bits/algorithms.h"
#include "frozen/bits/basic_types.h"
#include <array>
#include <cstddef>
#include <cstdint>
#include <limits>
namespace frozen {
namespace bits {
// Function object for sorting buckets in decreasing order of size
struct bucket_size_compare {
template <typename B>
bool constexpr operator()(B const &b0,
B const &b1) const {
return b0.size() > b1.size();
}
};
// Step One in pmh routine is to take all items and hash them into buckets,
// with some collisions. Then process those buckets further to build a perfect
// hash function.
// pmh_buckets represents the initial placement into buckets.
template <std::size_t M>
struct pmh_buckets {
// Step 0: Bucket max is 2 * sqrt M
// TODO: Come up with justification for this, should it not be O(log M)?
static constexpr auto bucket_max = 2 * (1u << (log(M) / 2));
using bucket_t = cvector<std::size_t, bucket_max>;
carray<bucket_t, M> buckets;
std::uint64_t seed;
// Represents a reference to a bucket. This is used because the buckets
// have to be sorted, but buckets are big, making it slower than sorting refs
struct bucket_ref {
unsigned hash;
const bucket_t * ptr;
// Forward some interface of bucket
using value_type = typename bucket_t::value_type;
using const_iterator = typename bucket_t::const_iterator;
constexpr auto size() const { return ptr->size(); }
constexpr const auto & operator[](std::size_t idx) const { return (*ptr)[idx]; }
constexpr auto begin() const { return ptr->begin(); }
constexpr auto end() const { return ptr->end(); }
};
// Make a bucket_ref for each bucket
template <std::size_t... Is>
carray<bucket_ref, M> constexpr make_bucket_refs(std::index_sequence<Is...>) const {
return {{ bucket_ref{Is, &buckets[Is]}... }};
}
// Makes a bucket_ref for each bucket and sorts them by size
carray<bucket_ref, M> constexpr get_sorted_buckets() const {
carray<bucket_ref, M> result{this->make_bucket_refs(std::make_index_sequence<M>())};
bits::quicksort(result.begin(), result.end() - 1, bucket_size_compare{});
return result;
}
};
template <std::size_t M, class Item, std::size_t N, class Hash, class Key, class PRG>
pmh_buckets<M> constexpr make_pmh_buckets(const carray<Item, N> & items,
Hash const & hash,
Key const & key,
PRG & prg) {
using result_t = pmh_buckets<M>;
// Continue until all items are placed without exceeding bucket_max
while (1) {
result_t result{};
result.seed = prg();
bool rejected = false;
for (std::size_t i = 0; i < items.size(); ++i) {
auto & bucket = result.buckets[hash(key(items[i]), static_cast<std::size_t>(result.seed)) % M];
if (bucket.size() >= result_t::bucket_max) {
rejected = true;
break;
}
bucket.push_back(i);
}
if (!rejected) { return result; }
}
}
// Check if an item appears in a cvector
template<class T, std::size_t N>
constexpr bool all_different_from(cvector<T, N> & data, T & a) {
for (std::size_t i = 0; i < data.size(); ++i)
if (data[i] == a)
return false;
return true;
}
// Represents either an index to a data item array, or a seed to be used with
// a hasher. Seed must have high bit of 1, value has high bit of zero.
struct seed_or_index {
using value_type = std::uint64_t;
private:
static constexpr value_type MINUS_ONE = std::numeric_limits<value_type>::max();
static constexpr value_type HIGH_BIT = ~(MINUS_ONE >> 1);
value_type value_ = 0;
public:
constexpr value_type value() const { return value_; }
constexpr bool is_seed() const { return value_ & HIGH_BIT; }
constexpr seed_or_index(bool is_seed, value_type value)
: value_(is_seed ? (value | HIGH_BIT) : (value & ~HIGH_BIT)) {}
constexpr seed_or_index() = default;
constexpr seed_or_index(const seed_or_index &) = default;
constexpr seed_or_index & operator =(const seed_or_index &) = default;
};
// Represents the perfect hash function created by pmh algorithm
template <std::size_t M, class Hasher>
struct pmh_tables : private Hasher {
std::uint64_t first_seed_;
carray<seed_or_index, M> first_table_;
carray<std::size_t, M> second_table_;
constexpr pmh_tables(
std::uint64_t first_seed,
carray<seed_or_index, M> first_table,
carray<std::size_t, M> second_table,
Hasher hash) noexcept
: Hasher(hash)
, first_seed_(first_seed)
, first_table_(first_table)
, second_table_(second_table)
{}
constexpr Hasher const& hash_function() const noexcept {
return static_cast<Hasher const&>(*this);
}
template <typename KeyType>
constexpr std::size_t lookup(const KeyType & key) const {
return lookup(key, hash_function());
}
// Looks up a given key, to find its expected index in carray<Item, N>
// Always returns a valid index, must use KeyEqual test after to confirm.
template <typename KeyType, typename HasherType>
constexpr std::size_t lookup(const KeyType & key, const HasherType& hasher) const {
auto const d = first_table_[hasher(key, static_cast<std::size_t>(first_seed_)) % M];
if (!d.is_seed()) { return static_cast<std::size_t>(d.value()); } // this is narrowing std::uint64 -> std::size_t but should be fine
else { return second_table_[hasher(key, static_cast<std::size_t>(d.value())) % M]; }
}
};
// Make pmh tables for given items, hash function, prg, etc.
template <std::size_t M, class Item, std::size_t N, class Hash, class Key, class PRG>
pmh_tables<M, Hash> constexpr make_pmh_tables(const carray<Item, N> &
items,
Hash const &hash,
Key const &key,
PRG prg) {
// Step 1: Place all of the keys into buckets
auto step_one = make_pmh_buckets<M>(items, hash, key, prg);
// Step 2: Sort the buckets to process the ones with the most items first.
auto buckets = step_one.get_sorted_buckets();
// Special value for unused slots. This is purposefully the index
// one-past-the-end of 'items' to function as a sentinel value. Both to avoid
// the need to apply the KeyEqual predicate and to be easily convertible to
// end().
// Unused entries in both hash tables (G and H) have to contain this value.
const auto UNUSED = items.size();
// G becomes the first hash table in the resulting pmh function
carray<seed_or_index, M> G({false, UNUSED});
// H becomes the second hash table in the resulting pmh function
carray<std::size_t, M> H(UNUSED);
// Step 3: Map the items in buckets into hash tables.
for (const auto & bucket : buckets) {
auto const bsize = bucket.size();
if (bsize == 1) {
// Store index to the (single) item in G
// assert(bucket.hash == hash(key(items[bucket[0]]), step_one.seed) % M);
G[bucket.hash] = {false, static_cast<std::uint64_t>(bucket[0])};
} else if (bsize > 1) {
// Repeatedly try different H of d until we find a hash function
// that places all items in the bucket into free slots
seed_or_index d{true, prg()};
cvector<std::size_t, decltype(step_one)::bucket_max> bucket_slots;
while (bucket_slots.size() < bsize) {
auto slot = hash(key(items[bucket[bucket_slots.size()]]), static_cast<std::size_t>(d.value())) % M;
if (H[slot] != UNUSED || !all_different_from(bucket_slots, slot)) {
bucket_slots.clear();
d = {true, prg()};
continue;
}
bucket_slots.push_back(slot);
}
// Put successful seed in G, and put indices to items in their slots
// assert(bucket.hash == hash(key(items[bucket[0]]), step_one.seed) % M);
G[bucket.hash] = d;
for (std::size_t i = 0; i < bsize; ++i)
H[bucket_slots[i]] = bucket[i];
}
}
return {step_one.seed, G, H, hash};
}
} // namespace bits
} // namespace frozen
#endif